When does a traumatic event lead to a lasting disorder and how can this be prevented?

By Irada Yunusova

People are sometimes forced to face a traumatic experience in which either their own lives are put at risk or the lives of others. Just in the past few months people have struggled to cope with Oklahoma tornados and the Boston bombings. It sometimes seems impossible to come to terms with tragic events or to find reason behind them. Although some individuals are able to move past these events, for others, such an event can lead to disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, or substance use. 

An individual's risk of developing a disorder is dependent on the degree of exposure to the trauma, pre-existing vulnerability to traumatic illness, and the extent to which a person will face adversity following the event. An individual is at a higher risk of developing a disorder when he is at constant risk of danger (such as an individual living in an area that is often devastated by hurricanes) or when he is closer to losing his life. Individuals with higher vulnerability are more prone to developing a disorder. This includes individuals suffering with substance use disorder, mental illness, poverty, or isolation. Additionally, individuals who suffer financial and job losses, are displaced from their home or neighborhood, or are disconnected from their loved ones are at a greater risk for developing a disorder. 

However, the progression from grief to a disorder can be prevented with early identification of problems, delivery of safety and treatment, and crisis counseling. Therapy and medication to control symptoms can help individuals cope. Returning to a daily routine as soon as possible is important as well. Identifying and avoiding traumatic triggers can help. Although difficult, trying to find meaning in traumatic events may allow an individual to find hope. With the recent frequency of traumatic events, it is imperative the individuals struck by disaster seek out support when they need it.

References: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/therapy-it-s-more-just-talk/201306/what-happens-people-after-traumatic-event